METHODOLOGY FOR SELECTING THE TRANSMISSION PATH STRUCTURE IN FUSION POWER PLANTS

Authors

  • Pavlo Kost Lviv Polytechnic National University, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electronic Devices of Information and Computer Technologies, Lviv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9863-6172
  • Larysa Hlinenko Lviv Polytechnic National University, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electronic Devices of Information and Computer Technologies, Lviv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-4568

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20535/kpisn.2026.2.356692

Keywords:

thermonuclear installations, long transmission lines, radiation resistance, magnetic sensors, Hall sensors, fibre-optic lines, signal-to-noise ratio, degradation, transmission path

Abstract

Background. In fusion facilities, the transmission of measurement signals from sensors takes place under conditions of intense ionising radiation, high temperatures and significant electromagnetic interference, leading to the degradation of sensors and transmission lines, increased signal loss and a reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio. The transmission of weak signals over long distances is particularly critical, requiring a well-founded choice of transmission path structure based on a systematic consideration of the characteristics of the sensors and transmission lines, taking into account a range of influencing factors, including radiation exposure, temperature conditions, electromagnetic interference, signal loss and changes in the signal-to-noise ratio.

Objective. The paper aims to justify an approach to selecting the transmission path structure for long data transmission lines in thermonuclear facilities based on a systematic and multi-criteria analysis of sensor and transmission channel characteristics.

Methods. A systematic analysis of modern sensor solutions and transmission line types was employed, alongside a multi-criteria approach taking into account radiation immunity, temperature stability, noise immunity, signal-to-noise ratio and long-term parameter stability. The transmission path is considered as a set of interrelated elements: the sensor, local converter, transmission line and data acquisition module, which determine the efficiency of signal transmission. To compare alternatives, the characteristics were normalised and visualised using polar diagrams.

Results. It has been established that inductive sensors are characterised by high radiation resistance but are limited in measuring static fields, whereas Hall sensors provide direct measurement of static and alternating magnetic fields, yet are subject to radiation-induced drift. It has been shown that bismuth and ceramic Hall sensors exhibit enhanced long-term stability. It has been determined that coaxial cables are susceptible to radiation ageing and signal loss, whereas fibre-optic and mineral-insulated lines provide better noise immunity and parameter stability. The feasibility of local signal digitisation and the use of optical transmission channels is justified. Based on the analysis carried out, the structure of the transmission path has been established, whilst the merits of local signal digitisation and the use of fibre-optic transmission channels to improve reliability and noise immunity have been demonstrated.

Conclusions. An approach to selecting the structure of the transmission path is proposed, based on a comprehensive consideration of the characteristics of sensors and transmission lines. It is shown that the most effective solutions for constructing the transmission path are those involving a combination of radiation-resistant sensors, local signal processing and digitisation directly at the sensor, and the use of fibre-optic transmission channels. This approach ensures improved measurement accuracy and data transmission reliability in the long transmission lines of thermonuclear facilities under conditions of ionising radiation, high temperatures and electromagnetic interference.

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Published

2026-06-29

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Vol. 143 No. 2 (2026): KPI Science News

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