SYSTEMATIZATION OF KEY STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL TWINS IN INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20535/kpisn.2025.3.337306Keywords:
digital twin; target entity; digital twin standards; life cycle; IoTAbstract
Background. Unified tools, approaches, and above all, a conceptual framework are needed to develop and scale digital twins. Given the young age of the standards, awareness of them is quite low, and their content is not always clear.
Objective.The purpose of the work is to obtain answers to questions about which standards directly relate to digital twins in the field of production, their purpose, content and application, and the possibility of their interoperability.
Methods. To achieve the stated objective, an analysis was conducted of publicly available scientific articles representing the perspectives of various research schools. The focus was placed on works addressing the issues of unification and standardization of digital twins. A review and systematization of the key provisions of existing standards were carried out, the classification of essential terms and structural elements was performed, and the scope of application of each standard in the context of industrial digital twins was determined.
Results. The research conducted a comprehensive analysis of key international standards dedicated to digital twins, including ISO/IEC 30173:2023, ISO 23247:2021 (all four parts), IEC 63278-1:2023, ISO/IEC TR 30172:2023, and ISO/TR 24464:2025. A comparison was made of the main terminology related to the digital twin, the target entity, and their interrelation; structural representations of digital twins; concepts of digital twin life cycles; the scope of digital twin applications; their relationship with other standards; and the feasibility of their joint application.
Conclusions. Although, from a formal point of view, there are no explicit contradictions between the ISO/IEC 30173, ISO 23247, and IEC 63278 standards, the analysis of their approaches to constructing digital twin frameworks revealed fundamental differences in their conceptual apparatus, digital twin structures, and the supporting standards they reference. This leads to the conclusion that their simultaneous use within a single digital twin life cycle is impossible without the implementation of an additional adaptation layer to ensure their compatibility
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ISO/IEC 30173 - Digital twin – Concepts and terminology
ISO 23247-1 Automation systems and integration — Digital twin framework for manufacturing. Part 1: Overview and general principles
ISO 23247-2 Automation systems and integration — Digital twin framework for manufacturing Part 2: Reference architecture
ISO 23247-3 Automation systems and integration — Digital twin framework for manufacturing Part 3: Digital representation of manufacturing elements
ISO 23247-4 Automation systems and integration — Digital twin framework for manufacturingPart 4: Information exchange
IEC 63278-1 - Asset Administration Shell for industrial applications – Part 1: Asset Administration Shell structure
ISO/IEC TR 30172:2023 - Internet of things (loT) - Digital twin – Use cases TECHNICAL REPORT
ISO TR 24464:2025 - Visualization elements of digital twin — Visualization fidelity
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